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<h1>Contention 1: They’re Out There (Not E.T.)</h1>
 
Status-quo NASA programs are insufficient to detect NEO’s with large amount of warning time- expanding survey capacity is key to early discovery of potentially hazardous asteroids. 
Paton Jan 27, 2012. Peter Paton [international pr and strategic advisor]. January 27, 2012. “New Asteroid Detection Systems Needed Now”. The Conservative Papers. <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://conservativepapers.com/news/2012/01/27/new-asteroid-detection-system-needed-now/#.T07ERIePVCg" rel="nofollow">http://conservativepapers.com/news/2012/01/27/new-asteroid-detection-system-needed-now/#.T07ERIePVCg</a> 
There is an ….harbingers of doom. 
 
 
And most recent studies show a high risk of an incoming asteroid 
Easterbrook, 8 
[Gregg, American writer, lecturer, and a senior editor of The New Republic June 2008, Atlantic Magazine, “ The Sky Is Falling,” <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/06/the-sky-is-falling/6807" rel="nofollow">http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/06/the-sky-is-falling/6807</a>] 
 
Breakthrough ideas…. riding on the plane.” 
 
The impact is extinction – timeframe is fast and all their impact defense is wrong 
Brownfield ‘4 (Roger – presented at the Planetary Defense Conference: Protecting Earth from Asteroids, Orange County, California, Feb. 23-26, 2004 -- “A Million Miles a Day…” – Brownsfield is part of the Gaiashiled project – available at: http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=406&gTable=Paper&gID=17092) 
Once upon a . and its attendant fear. 
 
Even a small impact triggers global panic and nuclear war 
Arentz et. al, 10 
[ Robert Arentz, Ball Aerospace &amp; Technologies Corp. , Harold Reitsema, Ball Aerospace &amp; Technologies Corp. , Jeffrey Van Cleve, NASA Ames Research Center SETI Institute and Roger Linfield, Ball Aerospace &amp; Technologies Corp. “NEO Survey: An Efficient Search for Near-Earth Objects by an IR Observatory in a Venus-like Orbit,” Space, Propulsion &amp; Energy Sciences International Forum, American Institute of Physics, http://www.astrosociology.org/Library/PDF/SPESIF2010_Arentz-etal_NEO-Survey.pdf] 
 
Crucial to the ……..catastrophic airburst event. 
 
The time is now – any delay decreases mitigation success and increases the risk that we deflect with nuclear weapons 
Arentz et. al, 10 
[ Robert Arentz, Ball Aerospace &amp; Technologies Corp. , Harold Reitsema, Ball Aerospace &amp; Technologies Corp. , Jeffrey Van Cleve, NASA Ames Research Center SETI Institute and Roger Linfield, Ball Aerospace &amp; Technologies Corp. “NEO Survey: An Efficient Search for Near-Earth Objects by an IR Observatory in a Venus-like Orbit,” Space, Propulsion &amp; Energy Sciences International Forum, American Institute of Physics, http://www.astrosociology.org/Library/PDF/SPESIF2010_Arentz-etal_NEO-Survey.pdf] 
 
Derating the Tunguska …..a nuclear option 
 
(X) - Nuclear deflection fails – guarantees a bigger asteroid impact 
O’Neill, 8 
[Ian, PhD Solar Physics @ University of Wales - Space Producer for Discovery News, Nov. 27, 2008, “ Apollo Astronaut Highlights Threat of Asteroid Impact,” <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.astroengine.com/2008/11/apollo-astronaut-highlights-threat-of-asteroid-strike/" rel="nofollow">http://www.astroengine.com/2008/11/apollo-astronaut-highlights-threat-of-asteroid-strike/</a>] 
 
Unfortunately, the commonly …would be limited. 
 
We need a new approach to the oncoming asteroid – we must consider the economic, political, and socio-cultural ramifications by integrating all of social sciences to save humanity 
Pass 2006 - CARD 1(Jim, 09-21, Ph.D. in sociology, University of Southern California, Founder of Astrosociology.com &amp; Senior Consultant “Applied Astrosociology: The New Imperative to Protect Earth and Human Societies”, STAIF, <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf</a>) 
 
The proposal offered ….latter four categories. 
 
Even if the tech fails, astrosociology is critical to the survival of humanity 
Pass 6 - CARD 2 (Jim, 09-21, Ph.D. in sociology, University of Southern California, Founder of Astrosociology.com &amp; Senior Consultant “Applied Astrosociology: The New Imperative to Protect Earth and Human Societies”, STAIF, <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf</a> 
 
Even though the …… decisions for us. 
 
Asteroid deflection requires astrosociology – we need to know how to react to the threat 
Pass 6 - CARD 3 (Jim, 09-21, Ph.D. in sociology, University of Southern California, Founder of Astrosociology.com &amp; Senior Consultant “Applied Astrosociology: The New Imperative to Protect Earth and Human Societies”, STAIF, <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf</a> 
 
A. Detection: Eventually, ……characteristic ways of life. 
 
Reducing existential risk by even a tiny amount outweighs every other impact — the math is conclusively on our side. 
Nick Bostrom, Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy &amp; Oxford Martin School, Director of the Future of Humanity Institute, and Director of the Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology at the University of Oxford, recipient of the 2009 Eugene R. Gannon Award for the Continued Pursuit of Human Advancement, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the London School of Economics, 2011 (“The Concept of Existential Risk,” Draft of a Paper published on ExistentialRisk.com, Available Online at <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.existentialrisk.com/concept.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.existentialrisk.com/concept.html</a>, Accessed 07-04-2011) 
 
Holding probability constant, …. such an action.[13] 
Err Aff – uncertainty means you should default to worst-case predictions – precautionary principle – it’s try-or-die for the aff 
Seamone, 4 
[Evan, J.D., University of Iowa College of Law; M.P.P. and B.A., University of California, Los Angeles. Evan Seamone is an attorney and a Judge Advocate in the U.S. Army stationed at Fort Polk, Louisiana, “The Precautionary Principle as the Law of Planetary Defense: Achieving the Mandate to Defend the Earth Against Asteroid and Comet Impacts While There is Still Time,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review. Washington: Fall 2004. Vol. 17, Iss. 1; pg. 1, 23 pgs] 
 
Although the topic ……..to mass confusion.26 
 
<h1>Plan</h1>
 
Thus the United States federal government should develop and deploy asteroid detection and planetary defense technologies beyond the Earth’s mesosphere with an astrosociological perspective. 
<h1>Contention 2: Beyond Hard Science</h1>
 
Our speech act is uniquely key – nonscientists are ultimately the ones who will deal with the threat 
Pass 6 – CARD 4 (Jim, 09-21, Ph.D. in sociology, University of Southern California, Founder of Astrosociology.com &amp; Senior Consultant “Applied Astrosociology: The New Imperative to Protect Earth and Human Societies”, STAIF, <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf</a>) 
 
Despite the widely ……the natural sciences. 
 
Our demand and action is key to sparking a new world consciousness – our speech act challenges defense and technocratic discourse institutions 
Pass 6 – CARD 5 (Jim, 09-21, Ph.D. in sociology, University of Southern California, Founder of Astrosociology.com &amp; Senior Consultant “Applied Astrosociology: The New Imperative to Protect Earth and Human Societies”, STAIF, <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf</a> 
 
These components exist …..purview of astrosociology. 
 
The interdisciplinary approach we advocate sparks discussion of cosmic impacts – this is critical to evaluating and planning for the future of humankind 
Pass 6 – CARD 6 (Jim, 09-21, Ph.D. in sociology, University of Southern California, Founder of Astrosociology.com &amp; Senior Consultant “Applied Astrosociology: The New Imperative to Protect Earth and Human Societies”, STAIF, <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf</a>) 
 
Astrosociology is defined ……involvement of astrosociologists. 
 
Our demand for a change in societal consciousness would be like the Overview Effect – binding societies and Earth together in human unity. Our position as the USFG is key and the threat of an asteroid solves – no K’s 
Pass 6 – CARD 7 (Jim, 09-21, Ph.D. in sociology, University of Southern California, Founder of Astrosociology.com &amp; Senior Consultant “Applied Astrosociology: The New Imperative to Protect Earth and Human Societies”, STAIF, <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf</a>) 
 
Positive benefits may ……head our way. 
 
Our project is key to reinvigorating the public sphere and reenergizing thought and societal consciousness 
Gangale and Dudley-Flores, 7 
[Thomas, Executive Director, OPS-Alaska ; and Marilyn, CEO/Chief Research Scientist, OPS-Alaska; “The Globalization of Space – The Astrosociological Approach”, Presented at the AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference &amp; Exposition 18 - 20 September 2007, Long Beach, Californi] 
 
The citizen space… space-capable civilization. 
Socio-cultural considerations come first – the neg’s purely body count based logic is flawed 
Pass 6 – CARD 8 (Jim, 09-21, Ph.D. in sociology, University of Southern California, Founder of Astrosociology.com &amp; Senior Consultant “Applied Astrosociology: The New Imperative to Protect Earth and Human Societies”, STAIF, <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf</a>) 
 
The ideal type …… they demand protection. 
 
social science informs policy analysis 
Pass 6 – CARD 9(Jim, 09-21, Ph.D. in sociology, University of Southern California, Founder of Astrosociology.com &amp; Senior Consultant “Applied Astrosociology: The New Imperative to Protect Earth and Human Societies”, STAIF, <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.astrosociology.com/Library/PDF/Protecting%20Societies.pdf</a>) 
 
The contribution of ….for the differences. 
 
<hr />
To the casual debater, there has been a grammatical error occurring from debate to debate. 
 
Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its exploration and/or development of space beyond the earth’s mesosphere. 
 
The main focus of the word should is that “should” means to be expected an event will occur. 
WordNet in ‘97Princeton University, 1.6 
Should v 1 : be expected … had better, ought] 
 
However if we focus on the actual representation of this context of the word we arrive at the conclusion the affirmative would win every debate round by definition according to this way it is written, and while we are all for winning we are more about debating, thus if you disagree with what I am about to say fill free to vote Aff at anytime. 
 
Now when we focus on the alternative definition of the word we arrive at “should” express a reason for doing something. 
WordNet in ‘97Princeton University, 1.6 
 
Should v 1 : be expected ….to repair bridges” [syn: had better, ought] 
 
And when researching the other definitions of “should” as we love to do, we arrived at not only is should the most important word because it expresses propriety so without the resolution is pointless, but in addition even the authors of dictionaries make reference to the fear of death. 
WEBSTER’S Dictionary 2011 (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/should) 
1 —used in auxiliary …after each meal&gt; 
 
 These interpretations are best for debate for a couple of reasons, and these aren’t buzz words so they won’t be spread. 
 
1) education – We focus on the syntax and grammatical effects of the way dictionaries put together their definitions in addition to the resolution, this should be favored over just reading some T without taking the time to really understand the definition. 
 
2) predictability – at this point it should be obvious this is not a normal aff, we are… I don’t know a minute or two into the affirmative and if they aren’t reaching for a theory or T file that is their fault, don’t hate the players hate the game. 
3) judge intervention – at the end of this debate it should be pretty clear who you are voting for so we stop that too. 
 
All of this points us to the conclusion “if the framers of the resolution did not give us reason to carry out the resolution, why should we?” 
 
It appears to us that to justify the reason for the resolution one would default to fear of death as a motivator or reason, I mean even our dictionary uses it as an example. 
Not to mention at the base of forced motivation is power which is powered by the fear of death. 
Baudrillard ’90 (Seduction, pages 47-49) 
This is why …..question of seduction. 
And, fear of Death is irrational. Death is just a part of life. Death cannot be controlled and there is no way to predict it. And it is life’s irony that when we run from Death we will find it anyway sometime, maybe sooner maybe later. 
Baudrillard explains in 2001 (Seduction, 2001, p. 72-74) 
An ellipsis of ….they become seductive. 
 
Plus, when we become fixated on Death we focus more on just surviving day to day instead of living. 
Baudrillard, ’93 (Jean, Symbolic Exchange and Death, there should be page numbers in the text of the card) 
So it is …..determined by death. 
 
And the exclusion of Death as a part of “normal” life is the root cause of all forms of violence and oppression. 
Baudrillard, ’93 (Jean, Symbolic Exchange and Death, there should be page numbers in the text of the card) 
Racism is modern. ……and of death. 
 
We lack a plan because we lack motivation. We lack motivation because death does not scare us. Death does not scare us because we do not give it the power to do so. 
 
Because humans are not omniscient the epistemology of this debate should precede everything else, because it is how we understand what is true and what is not. In addition, there is no reason not to believe us unless evidence is provided to prove us wrong. 
Rand 1990 (Ayn, Russian-American Philosopher, http://aynrandlexicon.com /lexicon/epistemology.html I<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.aynrandbookstore.com/prodinfo.asp?number=AR21B" rel="nofollow">ntroduction to Objectivist Epistemology</a>, 78–79) 
Man is neither …consciousness over existence.